The Impact of Using Gas Fuels for Cooking and Heating at Home on Health
In a recent study published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the health effects of using gaseous fuels for heating and cooking in different countries. The findings suggest that transitioning from polluting fuels to gaseous fuels for household purposes could potentially reduce health risks, especially in low-income countries.
Background:
Household air pollution from solid fuel combustion leads to 3.2 million preventable deaths annually. Switching to cleaner liquid and gaseous fuels is crucial, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to address this issue. The study synthesized evidence on the health effects of using liquid and gaseous fuels domestically, highlighting the urgent need for a clean transition to meet Sustainable Development Goals.
About the Study:
The systematic review involved searching major databases for studies published between 1980 and 2021 that focused on the health effects of cooking and heating with gaseous fuels like natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and biogas. A total of 216 studies were included in the review, with 116 studies included in the meta-analysis.
Results and Discussion:
The study found that using gaseous fuels was associated with a 35% lower risk of asthma in adults compared to polluting fuels. However, there was no significant difference observed in asthma risk for children. Cooking with gas was linked to a 46% lower risk of acute lower respiratory infections compared to polluting fuels but a 26% increased risk compared to electricity. Gaseous fuels were also associated with a 64% lower risk of chronic lung diseases and a 34% lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion:
Switching from solid fuels or kerosene to clean gaseous fuels for cooking or heating could significantly reduce the risk of key health outcomes, contributing to a decrease in the global disease burden from pollution. While electricity remains the preferred option for clean cooking where feasible, gaseous fuels, particularly LPG, present a viable short-to-medium-term alternative for regions without access to renewable electric alternatives. These findings provide valuable evidence for informing clean-energy policies, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, to effectively address the health burden associated with household air pollution.
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